Air Quality in Rochester, NY and the Surrounding Area

Particulate matter (PM) refers to tiny particles or droplets that are suspended in the air. These particles can be made up of a wide range of substances including dust, dirt, soot, smoke, liquid droplets, and more. These particulates can get deep down into the lungs and even transfer into the bloodstream.

Health Risks of Particulate Matter:

• Respiratory Issues: Inhalation of particulate matter can lead to or worsen conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis.
• Cardiovascular Effects: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter has been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases.
• Cancer: PM, particularly from sources like vehicle emissions and industrial processes, may contain carcinogens that increase the risk of lung cancer and other types of cancer.
• Premature Death: Studies have shown that exposure to high levels of particulate matter can reduce life expectancy by contributing to a range of health issues.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a group of chemicals that easily evaporate into the air at room temperature. These compounds are emitted by a wide range of products, such as paints, cleaning supplies, furniture, building materials, air fresheners, and even some personal care products. While VOCs are commonly found in indoor environments, their health effects can vary depending on the type and concentration of VOCs present, as well as the duration and intensity of exposure.

• Health Effects: Short-term exposure to VOCs can cause symptoms like headaches, dizziness, eye irritation, and nausea. Long-term exposure can lead to more serious health issues, including liver or kidney damage, and some VOCs are known carcinogens (e.g., benzene, formaldehyde).

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring gas that is present in the air we breathe, but its concentration can rise in indoor environments, particularly in confined or poorly ventilated spaces. While carbon dioxide is not directly harmful at low concentrations, elevated levels indoors can lead to discomfort and potential health issues.

• Some Health Effects of High CO2 Levels: Increased drowsiness or fatigue, decreased concentration and focus, headaches, impaired cognitive function.

Relative Humidity - Humidity issues in a home can be problematic for both comfort and the health of the building. Excess moisture can lead to mold, mildew, and condensation problems, while overly dry air can cause discomfort and dry skin. Both high and low humidity levels can have adverse health effects, so it’s essential to find a balance and maintain an optimal indoor humidity level for health and comfort.

• Some Health Effects: Low humidity: Dry skin, respiratory and sinus issues, increased risk of cold and flu. High humidity: Allergy and asthma exacerbation, increased risk of respiratory infections, fatigue, increased risk of dust mites, increased exposure to mold or mildew growth.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels. Because of its lack of smell and visibility, carbon monoxide is particularly dangerous and can accumulate to harmful levels in enclosed spaces without detection.

• Health Effects of Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Carbon monoxide interferes with the body's ability to transport oxygen. When inhaled, CO binds to hemoglobin in the blood, forming carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the amount of oxygen that can be carried to tissues and organs. Prolonged exposure to even moderate levels of CO can lead to severe health problems including:
• Short-term Exposure (low levels): Headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, confusion
• High Levels or Prolonged Exposure: Shortness of breath, chest pain (in people with heart conditions), loss of consciousness, brain damage, and death (in extreme cases)

Radon: Radon is a naturally occurring, radioactive gas that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It is produced by the breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water, and can seep into homes and buildings through cracks in the foundation or other openings. Prolonged exposure to high levels of radon can have serious health effects, particularly on the lungs.

• Heath effects of radon: Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer behind smoking. Long term exposure to Radon can lead to other respiratory issues.

Mold: Mold is a type of fungus that grows in damp, humid environments. It can grow on a variety of surfaces, including walls, ceilings, carpets, and furniture, and can have several negative health effects, particularly for individuals who are sensitive or exposed for long periods. Mold produces allergens, irritants, and mycotoxins (toxic substances), all of which can be harmful.

• Some Health Effects: Allergy and asthma exacerbation, respiratory issues like bronchitis and Rhinosinusitis among others, eye and throat irritation, mood and fatigue, and cognitive impairment.